There are the questions, correct answers, explanations and logical reasoning that lead to certain conclusions below. Particular attention should be paid to the use of phrases such as "It is possible...", which have nothing to do with probability theory. Such expressions indicate that the statement is considered correct only when it unambiguously follows from the conditions of the problem. If logical reasoning allows to formulate assumptions that do not contradict the conditions, the hypothesis about the correctness of the answer is not accepted.
- Some hedgehogs are considered to be bushes. All bushes feel affection for cats. It follows that all hedgehogs adore cats.
The correct answer is: incorrect.
Only some hedgehogs can be identified as bushes. There is no information on whether all other hedgehogs are classified as bushes. There are probably hedgehogs that do not belong to bushes. All bushes are known to like cats, but there is no information on the preferences of the other hedgehogs that are not bushes. It is possible that there are some among them who do not show any love for cats. Consequently, there is a possibility that there are some among the hedgehogs who have no affection for cats.
- Every cow has the ability to fly. All predators are cows. On this basis, all predators have the ability to fly.
The correct answer is: correct.
Since all predators are identified as cows, and every cow can fly, it logically follows that predators also have the ability to fly.
- Some carrots are identified as helicopters. Some helicopters can play the piano. Hence it is concluded that some carrots play the piano.
The correct answer is: incorrect.
Although there are carrots recognized as helicopters, it is possible that there are helicopters that are not helicopters. It is possible that only those helicopters that are not carrots can play the piano.
- Two lakes are always different in appearance. Palm trees and oak trees look exactly the same. Therefore, palm trees and oak trees cannot represent two fields.
The correct answer is: incorrect.
The statement about lakes does not contain information about palm trees, oaks, and fields. Also, the statement about the similarity of palm trees and oaks does not mention fields. Hence, palm trees and oaks may or may not be two different fields at all.
- No man can hold the office of president if he has a blue ear. All human beings have at least one blue ear present. Therefore, no person can become president.
The correct answer is: correct.
Since every person has at least one blue ear, and such people cannot become president, it follows that no person has the ability to hold the office.
- All magpies are jewelry collectors. Some jewelry collectors are caged. It follows that some magpies are kept in a cage.
The correct answer is: incorrect.
Although all magpies collect jewelry, there may be non-magpies among the collectors. It is likely that only those collectors, or part of them, who are not magpies are caged. Thus, it is possible that no magpies are caged.
- All humans are inherently bad. People resort to stealing and cheating solely when they are bad. Alex is not inherently bad. What is Alex's behavior?
The correct answer is: behavior is unknown.
Anton cannot be categorized as a human since he is not bad, whereas all humans are defined as bad. It is known that people resort to negative behaviors only by being bad. We have no information about the behavior of those who are not categorized as humans. Consequently, we cannot draw any conclusions about Alex's behavior other than that he is neither human nor bad.
- Pots can't swim. Every pot has a tail. Hence, ..
The correct answer is that all of the suggested answer choices are wrong.
The first option is incorrect because a direct causal relationship between the ability to swim and the presence of a tail has not been established.
The second option is incorrect because if all pots have tails, then there is no pot without a tail.
The third option is incorrect because from the inability to swim it does not automatically follow that the pot will sink.
The fourth option is also incorrect because there is no causal relationship between the ability to swim and the presence of a tail.
The fifth option is incorrect because all pots possess tails, not lack them.
- There are corners present in each circle. All the circles are colored yellow. Hence, ..
The correct answer is that all the given answer choices are incorrect.
The first option is incorrect because it does not specify whether the color of the corner of the circle is the same as the color of the circle itself.
The second option is incorrect because it is not specified what angles circles can have.
The third option is incorrect because there is no information about the existence of yellow corners.
The fourth option is incorrect because the condition says nothing about triangularity.
- Some dogs belong to the breed of dachshunds. All dachshunds have knowledge of three languages.
The first option is correct. Since a dachshund has knowledge of three languages, any creature that knows less than three languages cannot be a dachshund, including a dog with less knowledge.
The second option is incorrect because there are no dachshunds that know only two languages.
The third option is incorrect because the existence of dogs that are not of the Dachshund breed but know three languages is possible.
The fourth option is incorrect because there could be dogs that are not dachshunds.
- Chupacabras are ladybirds. All chupacabras are engaged in knitting. Hence, ..
The correct answer is that some ladybird chupacabras knit.
The first option is incorrect because it is only true that all chupacabras are related to ladybirds, but not all ladybirds can be chupacabras. It is not known whether those ladybirds that are not chupacabras knit.
The second option is incorrect because the reverse rule applies: all chupacabras are ladybirds, but not vice versa.
The third option is correct because chupacabras are related to ladybirds, hence some ladybirds are chupacabras. Since all chupacabras knit, therefore some ladybirds also knit.
The fourth and fifth choices are incorrect by the reasoning already stated.
- All good managers come from heaven. All bad managers do janitorial work. Hence, ..
The correct answer is that all of the proposed answer choices are incorrect.
The first option is incorrect because nothing is said about falling from heaven.
The second option is incorrect because there is no mention of someone who could see heaven.
The third option is wrong because all bad managers are employed as janitors, hence there is no such thing as a bad manager who does not work as a janitor.
The fourth option is also incorrect because there is no information about the existence of good managers among bad managers. If there are none, then the opposite cannot be asserted.
Thus, we have provided explanations for all answers. If you disagree with something presented or have your own opinion, we suggest discussing it in our telegram @testometrika.
