General adaptation syndrome, also known as the stress syndrome, is a set of adaptive responses of the human and animal body that arise in response to adverse influences of considerable intensity and duration, called stressors. This set of signs and reactions was described by Hans Selye in 1936 and became known as stress.
Stressors that cause stress can be various factors, including physical, psychological, biological, and social influences. These factors may include events such as physical fatigue, psychological strain, infections, injuries, changes in the environment, and much more.
General adaptation syndrome usually manifests in several stages:
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Alarm stage (arousal): the body begins to respond to stressors by activating the “fight-or-flight” system. At this time, stress hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline are released.
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Resistance stage: if the stressors continue to act, the body tries to adapt and cope with them. This can lead to a sustained phase in which the body continues to fight stress.
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Exhaustion stage: if the stressors are too intense or prolonged, the body may deplete its resources for adaptation. At this stage, various diseases and disorders may arise.
General adaptation syndrome is a natural response of the body to stress, and in some cases it may be beneficial for survival. However, if the stressors are too intense or prolonged, this may lead to negative health consequences.
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