Autonomic nervous system (ANS) – is the body’s internal regulator that controls automatic functions and ensures the harmonious interaction of internal organs. This system operates outside the sphere of consciousness, regulating cardiovascular activity, breathing, digestion, and other processes necessary for sustaining life. Its two components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, maintain a balance between arousal and relaxation and also respond to external and internal factors to preserve the body’s internal stability.
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